1. BOOKS (PRINT)

FORMAT:     Author’s last name, initials of first name and middle name (if any). 

                         (Date of Publication). Title of book. Place of Publication:

                         Publisher.

One author

Smythe, L. (2003). Democracy today. New York: Macmillan.

Two to six  authors

Smythe, L., & Dare, J. (2003). Democracy today. New York:

     Macmillan.

More than six authors

Wimple, P. B., Van Eijk, M., Potts, C.A., Hayes, J., Obergau,

     W.R., Zimmer, S., et al. (2001). Case studies in moral 

     decision making among adolescents. San Francisco: Jossey-

     Bass.

No author

Democracy today. (2003). New York: Macmillan.

Editor

Ojeda, A. (Ed.). (2003). Teenage pregnancy. San Diego, CA: 

     Greenhaven Press.

Single volume in a multi-volume work

Naylor, P.R. (1980-81). Footprints at the window. Vol. 3. The

     York trilogy. New York: Simon and Schuster.

2. PERIODICALS: NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES OR SCHOLARLY

JOURNALS  (PRINT)

FORMAT:     Author’s last name, initials of first name and middle name (if any). 

                          (year, month day of periodical). Title of Article. Title of

                          Periodical, Volume number (if available), page numbers.

·         Use abbreviation “p.” or “pp.” for newspaper articles ONLY

Magazine article with author

Beyer, L. (2006, January 16). The lonely warrior. Time, 167,

     35-37.

Newspaper article with author

Carniol, N. (2006, February 16). Province blocks road in

     park. The Toronto Star, p. E4.

Newspaper article with no author

Province blocks road in park. (2006, February 16).

     The Toronto Star, p. E8.

3. ENCYCLOPEDIA (PRINT)

FORMAT:   Author’s last name, initials of first name and middle name (if any).

                        (Date of Publication). Title of Article. Title of encyclopedia.

                        (Vol. #, p. #). Place of Publication: Publisher.

·         Note the use of “In” with title of encyclopedia

Encyclopedia article with author

Chertow, M.R. (2003). Acid rain. In The world book

     encyclopedia (Vol.1, p. 27). Chicago: World Book.

Encyclopedia article

no author

Grassland. (2003). In The new encyclopedia Britannica

     (Vol. 5, pp. 431-433). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.

4. PAMPHLET/BROCHURE/ GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION (PRINT)

FORMAT:     Author’s last name, initials of first name and middle name (if any).

                          (Date of Publication). Title of pamphlet/brochure. Place of

                          Publication: Publisher.

Pamphlet/

brochure

Lockwood, R.P. (2004). Ten commandments for sport parents.

     Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor.

Government publication

Ontario Ministry of Education. (2002). The Ontario curriculum,

     grades 11 and 12: Interdisciplinary studies 2002. Toronto:

     Queen’s Printer of Ontario.

5. VIDEOTAPE/DVD/MOTION PICTURE

 FORMAT:       Producer’s last name, initials (Producer), & Director’s last name,

                             initials (Director). (date of publication/year of release).

                            Title [medium]. Country of origin: Studio or distributor.       

Videotape

film/DVD

Goldman, R. (Producer). (1994). The Holocaust [Videotape].

      United States: Discovery Communications.

6. eBOOKS

Format:   Author’s last name, initials of first name and middle name (if any). (Print Date of

                        Publication). Title of article. In Title of encyclopedia (Vol.#, pp.#s). Print

                        Place of Publication: Print Publisher. Retrieved month day, year, from name

                        of database.

eBook article from an

encyclopedia in an online subscription  database               

Brockman, J.R. (2003). Romero, Oscar A. In New Catholic

      encyclopedia (Vol. 12, pp. 365-366). Detroit: Gale. Retrieved

      June 10, 2009, from Gale Virtual Reference Library

      database.

7. PERIODICALS: NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES & JOURNALS –

ELECTRONIC SOURCES

FORMAT:      Author’s last name, initials of first name and middle name (if any).

                            (year, month day of periodical). Title of Article.  Title of 

                           Periodical,  volume # (issue #), page #s. Retrieved month day,

                           year, from subscription provider.

Newspaper article with author found in an online subscription database

 Baeb, E. (2006, August 10). Tiger Woods puts his mind, money

     into learning centre for children. Toronto Star. Retrieved

     August 13, 2006, from eLibrary database.

Magazine article with author found in an online subscription database

Ransdell, E. (1995, November 11). The telltale  signs of the next

     genocide. U.S News and World Report. Retrieved January 7,

     2006, from eLibrary database.

Magazine article with no author found in an online subscription database

Tackling overdue reforms at the U.N. (2005, August 26).

     National Catholic Reporter, 41 (37), 11. Retrieved August 11,

     2006, from eLibrary database.

Magazine article with author found on the web

Ransom, D. (2006, February 4). Venezuela –The seven- year itch.

     New Internationalist. Retrieved February 16, 2006, from

     http://www.newint.org/

8. INTERNET

FORMAT:     Author’s last name, Author’s initials.  (year, month day of publication

                          or update).  Title of section in web page. Title of site or home

                          page. Retrieved month day, year, from URL

Entire web site

CBCNEWS.ca. (2009). CBC. Retrieved August 10, 2009,

     from http://cbc.ca.news

Section of web site with  author

Packer, L.E. (2006, June 29). Behavior. Tourette Syndrome ”Plus”.

     Retrieved August 11, 2006, from

     http://tourettesyndrome.net/behavior.htm

9. ENCYCLOPEDIA – ELECTRONIC SOURCES

FORMAT:      Author’s last name, initials of first name and middle name (if any).

                           (year, month day of publication). Title of Article.  In Title of 

                           encyclopedia. Retrieved month day, year, from Subscription 

                           Provider. 

Article with author found in an online subscription database

Dohler, G. C. (2002, January 1). Tsunami. In Canadian

     encyclopedia. Retrieved August 10, 2006, from

      eLibrary database.

Article with no author found in an online encyclopedia

Tsunami. (2006). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved

     August 13, 2006, from 

     http://britannica.com/eb/article-9073363

PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS – in-text citations to acknowledge when source material is quoted, paraphrased or summarized

General rules :-

·          Place citations in parenthesis within the text at the end of quotations or paraphrased sentence.

·          If the quotation is under 40 words, it is incorporated into the text of paper and enclosed with quotation marks.

·          If the quotation is 40 or more words, begin a new line, indent five spaces from the left margin and type double space without quotation marks.

FORMAT (PRINT):      (Author’s surname, year, page).

                                     abbreviation for “page” (p. or pp.)

·          For electronic sources cite paragraph # after year of publication , use the abbreviation “para” followed by the paragraph #

Direct quotation

one author

 (Smith, 2006, p. 76).

Direct quotation,

2 authors

(Smith & Galbraith, 2006, para. 5).

Direct quotation,

6 or more authors

(Smith et al., 2006, p. 67).

Direct quotation,

no author

(Mothers Against Drunk Driving [MADD], 2000)

2^nd. citation: (MADD, 2000)

Paraphrase

• Author’s surname given in the body of your paper; e.g.,   Smith (2006) claimed that ……….
• Author's name NOT given in the body of the paper; e.g.,   In a study on.......(Smith, 2006) claim ...........

Note: no page number when paraphasing or summarizing.